Karnataka state with a vast geographical area of 1,91,791 sq.km is diverse in its geological formations and is rich in mineral wealth embedded in them. The volcanic limestones summits of Yana in Uttara Kannada district; Peninsular -: 6 :- Gneissic Complex rock at Lalbagh, Bengaluru; Closepet granite massifs spanning approximately 400 km from Ramanagara district to northern part of Karnataka and unique potholes of Mekedatu; Pillo lava structures of Maradihalli in Chitradurga district; Columnar basalts of St.Mary's Islands of Udupi district; Auriferous quartz of KGF and pyroclasts of Peddampalli village in Kolar District; Barrovian type of metamorphic field museum of geology in Ennehole Ranganabetta and Archean Goruru gneiss rocks of Hassan district; Sahyadri Mountain Range of Western Ghats and Magnetite Peaks of Kudremukh in Chikkamagaluru district; Badami Sandstone in Bagalakote district; Banded hematite quartzites of Sanduru in Ballari district; Granite and Phonolite Rock Monuments at Hampi in Vijayanagar district; Auriferous formations of Hatti-Maski schist belt in Raichur district; Bhima and Kaladagi Basin limestone formations in Kalaburagi and Bagalakote districts; Deccan volcanic rocks of Vijayapura district; Sand dunes of Talakadu in Mysuru district; the dolerite dyke formations and the Natural Geological Museum of Galipura in Chamarajanagar district are some of the testimony to the rich Geological wonders of our State..